Free Essays on World War II

The most vile and abhorrence war in world history was battled from 1939 to 1945. This war came to be known as World War II (WWII). The whole world was at war. On one side there was the Allied Powers and on the opposite side there was the Axis Powers. The Allied Powers incorporated the United States (didn’t join until 1941), France, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union (didn’t join until 1941). The Axis Powers included Germany, Italy, and Japan. The United States battled two wars, one in Europe and the other in the Pacific. At the point when Japan besieged the U.S.’s Naval base in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii the United States entered WWII the following day. Franklin Roosevelt called it â€Å"a ate which will live in infamy.† (Cybriwsky, Encarta) In 1853 Commodore Matthew Perry was sent to Japan on a harmony crucial. (Cybriwsky, Encarta) Japan was still in the primitive age where the Shogun was the leader of the legislature and the Emperor was only the essence of the administration. They were all the while living in the medieval age. In the process Perry indicated the Japanese the entirety of his advanced apparatuses and weapons. This in actuality set off the industrialization of Japan. The war carried a monetary blast to the little island country. The Imperialism age before long came to Japan and they chose to do something very similar each other nation began to do in the last piece of the nineteenth century. Starting at 1900 the Japanese ranges of authority had arrived at Korea, Russia, Taiwan (at that point known as Formosa), and parts of China. (Boorstin and Kelly, PG. 427) In WWI Japan joined the side of the Allies against Germany and the Austria-Hungarian Empire. (Boorstin and Kelly, PG. 455) In 1904 Japan assaulted the biggest nation on the planet at Port Arthur, Russia. At that point the Russo-Japanese War followed. Following one year of fight the Russians were prepared to arrange. Japan got ownership a Russian island and the Liaodong Peninsula. (Cybriwsky, Encarta) Japan had crushed the biggest nation on the planet. In 1906 Japan took over Kore... Free Essays on World War II Free Essays on World War II The most vile and fiendishness war in world history was battled from 1939 to 1945. This war came to be known as World War II (WWII). The whole world was at war. On one side there was the Allied Powers and on the opposite side there was the Axis Powers. The Allied Powers incorporated the United States (didn’t join until 1941), France, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union (didn’t join until 1941). The Axis Powers included Germany, Italy, and Japan. The United States battled two wars, one in Europe and the other in the Pacific. At the point when Japan shelled the U.S.’s Naval base in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii the United States entered WWII the following day. Franklin Roosevelt called it â€Å"a ate which will live in infamy.† (Cybriwsky, Encarta) In 1853 Commodore Matthew Perry was sent to Japan on a harmony strategic. (Cybriwsky, Encarta) Japan was still in the primitive age where the Shogun was the leader of the administration and the Emperor was only the substance of the legislature. They were all the while living in the medieval age. In the process Perry indicated the Japanese the entirety of his cutting edge apparatuses and weapons. This in actuality set off the industrialization of Japan. The war carried a financial blast to the little island country. The Imperialism age before long came to Japan and they chose to do something very similar each other nation began to do in the last piece of the nineteenth century. Starting at 1900 the Japanese ranges of prominence had arrived at Korea, Russia, Taiwan (at that point known as Formosa), and parts of China. (Boorstin and Kelly, PG. 427) In WWI Japan joined the side of the Allies against Germany and the Austria-Hungarian Empire. (Boorstin and Kelly, PG. 455) In 1904 Japan assaulted the biggest nation on the planet at Port Arthur, Russia. At that point the Russo-Japanese War followed. Following one year of fight the Russians were prepared to arrange. Japan got ownership a Russian island and the Liaodong Peninsula. (Cybriwsky, Encarta) Japan had vanquished the biggest nation on the planet. In 1906 Japan took over Kore... Free Essays on World War II World War II delivered numerous saints. One such man was Lieutenant Authority Butch O'Hare. He was a military pilot allocated to an airplane transporter Lexington in the South Pacific. One day his whole group was sent on a strategic. After he was airborne, he saw his fuel measure and understood that somebody had neglected to finish off his fuel tank. He would not have enough fuel to complete his strategic return to his boat. His flight chief told him to come back to the transporter. Hesitantly he dropped out of arrangement and made a beeline for the armada. As he was coming back to the mother transport, he saw something that turned his blood cold. A unit of Japanese planes were speeding their direction at the American armada. The American contenders were gone on a foray also, the armada was everything except unprotected. He was unable to arrive at his unit what's more, carry them back so as to spare the armada. Nor might he be able to caution the armada of the moving toward risk. There was just a single activity. He should some way or another occupy them from the armada. Dismissing all considerations of individual security, he dove into the arrangement of Japanese planes. Wing-mounted 50 bore's bursted as he charged in, assaulting one astonished foe plane and afterward another. Butch zigzagged all around the now broken development and terminated at the same number of planes as conceivable until at long last the entirety of his ammo was spent. Unafraid, he proceeded with the attack. He dove at the planes, attempting to in any event cut off a wing or tail, in order to damage the same number of adversary planes as could be expected under the circumstances and rendering them unfit to fly. He was urgent to do anything he could to shield them from arriving at the American boats. At long last, the exasperated Japanese group took off toward another path. Profoundly diminished, Butch O'Hare and his worn out contender limped back to the transporter. Upon appearance he detailed in and related the occasion encompassing his arrival. The film from the camera mounted on his plane told the tal...

Marketing Research Paper on Kudler Fine Foods Virtual Organization

Advertising on Kudler Fine Foods Virtual Organization - Research Paper Example It was during her excursions after a corporate life that she faced the challenge of building up the first Kudler Fine Foods following disclosure of an open door that she could abuse. This open door was sired following a find that she was unable to get all her cooking fixings in a single store and this chose to open a gourmet store that would meet the specialty needs of the shoppers. This along these lines shows that disclosure of chances and abusing them to gather an upper hand is one of the showcasing technique and strategies that Kudler Fine Foods utilizes (Kudler Fine Foods, 2011). Data innovation fills in as a viable device used by Kudler Fine Foods Organization both for showcasing research and as an advertising system. The association has a web landing page where it takes part in online cooperation with the partners since it gets the opportunity to gain data on the client reactions in accordance with their items and furthermore the requirements of the shoppers. Thusly, the site page empowers Kudler Fine Foods to internetwork with its different branches henceforth diminishing the voyaging cost acquired without online correspondence administrations. Additionally, following utilization of online landing page, data accumulated guides in the key dynamic of the association. This in this way empowers Kudler Fine Foods to earn a key situation in the business because of joining of IT in the arrangement of its items and administrations (Kudler Fine Foods, 2011). Broadening is another advertising procedure utilized by Kudler Fine Foods Virtual association and showcasing examination will significantly impact the adequacy of this technique. Enhancement is represented in the arrangement of items and administrations that the association takes part in henceforth making their slows down a one stop search for their buyers. The association via doing advertising exploration will be in a situation to know the present wines that are favored by the clients and therefore set up t he wine. Thus, in the preparing office, promoting examination will help in creating of various cakes and in learning the market patterns of cake utilization. In addition, in the meat and cheddar division, advertising examination will give important data with respect to how the association can improve the arrangement of its merchandise and enterprises. Following the ongoing advancement of Kudler Fine Foods Virtual Organization in accordance with extension capacities, there is clear sign that statistical surveying assumes a critical job in expansion as well as in showcase section draws near. Interest in statistical surveying will empower Kudler Fine Foods accomplish the vision of being the chief basic food item and gourmet store (Kudler Fine Foods, 2011). Zones where Kudler Fine Foods’ needs extra statistical surveying Kudler Fine Foods needs to do extra statistical surveying in accordance with its acquirement systems. As of now, trying to cut expense, Kathy the chief is the on e liable for requesting for all the three stores on a week after week premise. In spite of the fact that it is less expensive, it lessens the time she cooperates with her clients as the acquirement and dispersion takes the main part of her time. The association needs to carryout extra statistical surveying concerning how it can obtain items for the three slows down, to guarantee that Kathy gets to the individuals on the ground and becomes acquainted with the inclinations of the customers structure the

Alternatives to Help Prevent Binges and Purges

Alternatives to Help Prevent Binges and Purges More in Eating Disorders Awareness and Prevention Symptoms Treatment Diagnosis Delays and alternatives are two important tools for recovery from bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder and variants thereof. Please note that these tools are appropriate for patients who have already worked to establish a regular eating pattern, which most commonly means eating three meals plus two to three snacks per day. For many patients with eating disorders, binges and purges typically follow negative emotions such as anxiety, sadness, anger, or boredom. Exercising a delay means, upon noticing the surge in negative emotion, to try to stop, wait, and manage that emotion through another means. Delays work best when paired with an alternative: an activity that takes the place of bingeing or purging. These tools, which stem from cognitive-behavioral therapy  (CBT), are also a component of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) commonly referred to as distress tolerance. You may also think of alternatives as coping skills.  Many patients with eating disorders can benefit from increasing their repertoire of coping skills. It is always beneficial to have more tools in one’s toolbox for coping with distress. Have you ever had an urge to binge or purge that was unexpectedly interrupted so that you could not carry out the intended behavior? Maybe you had planned a binge but then were interrupted by the arrival  of a family member? Or maybe you intended to purge, but could not due to unexpected lack of privacy. If you had this experience, did you find that the urge to binge or purge grew increasingly stronger and persisted indefinitely? More likely, you found that the urge eventually subsided even when you didn’t carry out the behavior. If so, you have already had experiences that you will be able to reference to help you develop skills for reducing bingeing and purging. If not, don’t worry; they can still be learned with practice. Practicing Delays Urges and anxiety commonly mount and then subside like a bell curve. During the time they are mounting, they often feel like they will increase indefinitely. This is an illusion: when time elapses, these feelings and urges usually gradually subside on their own. The person who binges or purges, however, tends to surrender to their behavior at the point at which they feel most distressed (near the apex of the curve), and immediately starts to feel some brief relief from anxiety. This experience prevents them from discovering that the anxiety and urge would have subsided on its own in the absence of the binge or purge. Responding to the urge time and time again reinforces the belief that the problematic behavior is the only way to feel better. It may even feel as though the behavior is out of ones control because of how automatic the response becomes. Behavioral reinforcement then leads the person to repeat these behaviors whenever negative emotions or urges threaten. They become habitual. Imagine by way of contrast that every time you had an intense negative emotion or strong urge to binge or purge, that you stood on your head.  You would probably love standing on your head because it would always be associated with a drop in anxiety! A further complication is that after bingeing and/or purging you may feel guilt, shame, or self-contempt. This is one of the problems with maladaptive coping skills; they may provide some temporary relief, but they usually make you feel worse in the long run. Feeling bad may increase your anxiety to the level it was previously making you vulnerable to future binges and purges, and so the cycle repeats. Practicing Alternatives It is helpful to develop a list of alternative behaviors to binge eating and purging.  These alternative behaviors can range from distracting to actively soothing. It is helpful to have a varied list of activities so that you have options to consider depending on the situation, where you are, the time of day, and so on. For example, if it is the middle of the night and calling friends is on your list, friends may not be available to call; if you are at work, taking a shower will likely not be an option. It is best to choose an activity that is incompatible with the behavior you are trying to prevent. Thus, if you tend to binge eat in front of the television, watching television would not be a good choice. For people who purge, painting their nails is often a good option because it is not physically possible to purge at the same time. Here are some alternative behaviors that some patients with eating disorders have found helpful: Calling a friendListening to musicListening to a guided meditationTaking a bath or showerPainting your nailsLighting a scented candleKnitting, crocheting, or beadworkPaintingColoring in a coloring bookPinning on PinterestVideo gamesPuzzles â€" crosswords, sudoku, or jigsawGoing for a walkPlaying with a petCleaning the bathroomPlaying with silly puttyDoing simple relaxing yoga posesPutting on essential oils or scented lotion Some Ways to Practice Delays and Alternatives Rather than trying to prevent a binge entirely, some people like the idea of delaying the binge for a specific period of time and then retaining the option to still binge if they want following the delay. Practice delaying the binge (or purge) for a specific period of time, i.e. two  minutes. Set a timer. Do one of the above activities for two minutes and then check back in. Over time you can practice delaying the urges for increasingly longer periods of time. By the time that you can delay the urge for 20 minutes, you will likely find that the urge has entirely passed.Practice delaying the binge at least 15 minutes with the goal of preventing the binge entirely and substituting an alternative behavior whenever you have an urge. Attempt to substitute one alternative activity. If that activity does not seem to be working, try another from your list. It is helpful to keep a record of your use of delays and alternatives so you can see what works and what doesn’t. Over time you may want to add or delete activities from your alternative list. Using delays and alternatives takes practice. Because the binge and purge behavior is something you have been doing for a while, it is ingrained. Using delays and alternatives will take a lot of effort at first. It is like building a muscle. Every time you stand up to an urge and don’t give in, even if only for a few minutes, you are building the muscle to tolerate distress. Over time, as the muscle gets stronger, standing up to urges will become easier, and eventually automatic. Good Resources for Developing Alternative Coping Skills Facing Your Feelings by the Center for Clinical Interventionsâ€"this four-module free online workbook teaches strategies for managing distress.50 Ways to Soothe Yourself Without Food by Susan Albers, Psy.D This book draws upon a variety of strategies to cope with emotional eating. The techniques are divided into five  sections: 1) Mindful meditation techniques; 2) Change your thoughts, change your eating; 3) Soothing sensations to calm and relax the body; 4) Soothing yourself with distractions, and 5) Soothing yourself with emotional relationships.Secret Garden: An Inky Treasure Hunt and Coloring Book (and other similar coloring books for adults)

Causal Factors - 1311 Words

SPE 357 – Characteristics of Emotional/Behavioral Disabilities and Strategies to Teach Individuals with EBD Professor Karen Moeller Causal Factors Tamika Camano Emotional and Behavioral disorders can result from one or any number of combinations of causal factors from the students biological, familial, cultural, or educational background and/or environment. This essay will discuss causal factors, the implications, and possible mitigation regarding EBD students. Biological factors are responsible for certain conditions that are the cause of certain emotional and behavioral disorders. Whether or not the parent was using recreational drugs while pregnant or if they have a history of mental illness can have an effect on the student†¦show more content†¦Certain behaviors and attitudes that are modeled and accepted in the student’s culture may not be acceptable attitudes and behaviors in the classroom. (Emotional and Behavioral Disorders: Causes and Prevention) Observation and testing are the key ways utilized to identify the causal factor for EBD. Teachers can play a large role in identifying this problem by their observation of the student. A student who does not deal with problems or is having problems that are not appropriate for their age group, but a much lower age group, would be identified as a student possibly having EBD and in need of further evaluation. The Student Risk Screening Scale and the Systematic Screening for Behavior Disorders are two assessments that can help identify a student with EBD. (Emotional and Behavioral Disorders: Causes and Prevention) When evaluating students with mental health issues, it is best to utilize questionnaires developed by The Fourth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV) (Causal Factors for Emotional Disorders). These causal factors can impact the student with EBD in various ways. Biological issues or conditions that have been passed down from the parents to the student, such as mental illness, Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), or Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) may cause the student to have little or no self-control, become anxious, orShow MoreRelatedCausal And Contributing Factors Of Obesity1257 Words   |  6 PagesCausal Contributing Factors Several million commercial truckers operate within a transportation environment encompassed with multicomponent workplaces that have policies and regulations which govern them. Truckers’ â€Å"burden† of disease, inaccessibility to health-promoting resources, and the number of occupational hazards within their profession, indicate that trucking is among the most underserved occupational segments. Obesity is a significant contributing risk factor for a higher prevalence ofRead MoreThe Causal Factors Associated With The Disease Essay1474 Words   |  6 Pagesdisruption to one’s life. The causal factors associated with the disorder This disease like other diseases do not have a specific reason to develop, the causes still unknown but the researchers found possible explanations of this disease. There are an â€Å"epidemiological studies that place in sorting out the environmental and social factors that increase schizophrenia risk, including urban birth, migrant status, prenatal factor and others† (WebMD, 2016). The genetic factors are a part essential in theRead MoreEssay about Causal Factors of Ebd1362 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: CAUSAL RISK FACTORS Causal Risk Factors Sharon OKeefe Grand Canyon: SPE 513 October 5, 2011 Causal Factors coincide Identifying and understanding the causes of Emotional and Behavioral Disorder (EBD) can help in developing successful interventions and prevention strategies. Research has been unable to show that any specific factors cause EBD, but causal risk factors seem to concur with EBD. These risk factors are categorized as either internal (biological) or externalRead More Patient Safety and Risk Management Essay2107 Words   |  9 Pagesdid not confirm the correct patient i. Nurses did not feel that they could voice their opinion about a proper time out b. Time out was not conducted thoroughly 2. Human Resources (factors and issues) a. No translator or translation service in place 3. Environment of Care (including equipment and other related factors); a. Did not have a way to elevate high risk patients b. An electronic system such as a bar code is not in place 4. Information Management and Communication Issues a. ImprovingRead MoreUsing The Root Cause Analysis And `` 5 Whys ``1469 Words   |  6 Pagesfield, or continue on with this one. If I chose to study in another field, it would have meant that I had wasted my parent’s money on an entire year of study, which I really did not want to do. Step three: Identify possible causal factors There were a few possible causal factors that made me unhappy and later decide to change course: Homesickness: I left home not expecting to miss it very much. As such, I was unprepared for the level of homesickness that I experienced during my first year away. ItRead MoreUsing The Root Cause Analysis And `` 5 Whys ``1479 Words   |  6 Pagesfield, or continue on with this one. If I chose to study in another field, it would have meant that I had wasted my parent’s money on an entire year of study, which I really did not want to do. Step three: Identify possible causal factors There were a few possible causal factors that made me unhappy and later decide to change course: Homesickness: I left home not expecting to miss it very much. As such, I was unprepared for the level of homesickness that I experienced during my first year away. ItRead MoreCausal Beliefs Of The Public And Social Acceptance Of Persons With Mental Illness1443 Words   |  6 PagesSchomerus, G., Malschinger, H., Angermeyer, M. C. (2014). Causal beliefs of the public and social acceptance of persons with mental illness: A comparative analysis of schizophrenia, depression and alcohol dependence. Psychological Medicine, 44, 303-314. The present study completed by Schomerus, Malschinger, Angermeyer (2014) set out to examine how perceptions and beliefs about individuals with mental health disorders may be improved by â€Å"biological illness explanations† (p. 303). According to theRead MoreHuman Factors That Caused Accidents Essay1295 Words   |  6 PagesHuman factors are a major component of the causes of accidents in the workplace.It is currently recognised that human and organisational factors are the cause of accidents. It is also noted that construction companies account for fatal accidents in Uk. It is necessary to have an understanding of the role of human factors in accidents, models of accident causation places superficial emphasis on human factors and human factors were depicted as a linked to error occurring in the immediate sequenceRead MoreMedia Portrayal Of The Internet828 Words   |  4 Pagesthat teenagers go onto public chat rooms anymore with the scare around online predators and the media portrayals in shows like How To Catch A Predator and Law and Order: Special Victims Unit. Many adolescents instead use social media to mediate their causal relationships into intimate relationships because it is less intimidating to talk to potential romantic partners when it isn’t face to face (Pascoe, 2011). Smart phones have also allowed for constant contact while also allowing a barrier that makesRead MoreThe use of structural equation modelling (SEM) has steadily increased in behavioural science where900 Words   |  4 Pagesobserved endogenous variables and latent, unobserved exogenous variables. (Byrne, 2001) The SEM is a statistical methodology that takes a confirmatory that is, hypothesis testing approach to the analysis of a structural theory. This theory represents causal processes that generate observations on multiple variables. (Yuan Bentler, 1998) The SEM procedure starts with model specification that links the variables assumed to affect other variable s and directionalities of their effects. (Kline, 2011) Specification

Lies Youve Been Told About Esl Compare and Contrast Essay Topics

Lies You've Been Told About Esl Compare and Contrast Essay Topics Most Noticeable Esl Compare and Contrast Essay Topics The fantastic thing with these sort of essays is they can be quite interesting to the reader so long as you frame theme will. Before you even begin writing it is quite important to select the topic that will set you in advantage. The first thing you have to do before you get started writing is to opt for a proper topic to write about. Following that, congratulations! A great compare-and-contrast essay goes beyond a very simple listing of similarities and differences to earn a meaningful statement about a bigger topic. You're able to interest books, movies or articles which are discussing exactly the same topic you're likely to approach in your essay. You may use the product for a guide to work on your private essay. This guide will allow you to understand just what's expected of you, and provide the structure you will need to compose a high grading essay of your own. Discover how to compose a compare and contrast essay from us to make sure you think of a terrific academic paper, or even better, call us to find out more about buying one of our reasonably priced essays. You see that it's an unusual topic that might be quite challenging to imagine or explain, but some students might just turn that topic into a masterpiece. A thesis takes an essential role in the entire essay writing process as it essentially sets the mood for the entire essay. Your thesis is the fundamental argument your whole essay will revolve around. The Benefits of Esl Compare and Contrast Essay Topics Furthermore, taking their paper forces them to take part in the evaluation activity instead of attempting to complete the essay in class. Essay may want to unpack, man in my life is essential to love. This form of essay can be readily distinguished from others. Though you're just beginning to compose essays, you shouldn't struggle attempting to think of something to discuss . The Esl Compare and Contrast Essay Topics Pitfall It's possible to choose one based on your field of study and individual interests. As a high school student, you shouldn't opt for a topic that's complicated as you might become stuck on the way. Students that need over a list of good topics may hire professional academic writers online to acquire the maximum grade with no distinctive efforts. Students who excel in writing about such complex topic could have an opportunity to be enrolled into a number of the ideal Art universities to come up with their abilities and talent. You just have to order an excellent essay from experts with the greatest academic degrees in a number of fields. Such as, the debut of biotechnology within the the past few years has supplied tremendous cut-throat chance to the main prescription vendors. Our crew of writers processes hundreds of essay papers daily and for that reason know exactly the type of topics that are of a big demand by professors. It's possible to compare various scientific discoveries made in various nations. Tons of various topics in every single field can be modified to your specific ailments. Research the 2 topics you've been given. Such topics are extremely interesting to write about and can be a terrific alternative for people, who wish to express themselves. In the majority of cases, the topics you select should be closely related. The Truth About Esl Compare and Contrast Essay Topics You've got an entire collection of things to compare. For example an individual may select a topic like, life i n the shoes of a werewolf. If it's so, then you'll be having some challenging time for a student in addition to being a writer. The most significant thing is to choose one which you can work on with lots of ease. It is possible to also order a fully written compare and contrast essay and alleviate the quantity of work you must do. The word compare' is a little bit of a misnomer when used concerning a comparative essay analysis. In your introduction write two or three sentences proving that there's an excellent reason behind comparison. Your comparison should really help somebody's understanding of the objects you're contrasting. The very first thing you ought to do is identify the form of compare and contrast essay which you are handling. You also know how to discover sources and the very best kind to utilize in your paper to allow it to be relevant and interesting. There's absolutely no continuing settlement whether Caribbean Creole should be categorised an individual foreign language together with The english language dialect mainly because you can discover no stable conditions set up for these type of differences. Following are some common examples.

Marketing and Product Development Free Essays

The question in the case is whether Kim should spend the fresh (2nd round) VC financing in Marketing and scale up the business or should focus the resources on fine tuning the existing product. Our recommendation is that the company should allocate around 70% of $4mn in marketing spend and 30% in product development and fine tuning the existing one. This recommendation is primarily based on the fact that the company should maximize the first mover advantage and develop barriers to entry by reducing the cost of goods sold with the help of economies of scale and eventually reducing the sales price so as to be competitive and not let others to enter the space. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing and Product Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is mainly because the business model is very easily replicable and thus create the risk of being thrown out of business in the long run. Moreover, the product development and fine tuning is largely replicable irrespective of the number of customers and each customer could be segmented based on the 4 bins Kim and Nolan came up with. With reference to the spend, the company should focus on Email marketing, Sophisticated social media, developing sophisticated search mechanics, promoting the deals websites advertising and also advertising through blogs. However, it is worthwhile a mention that though emails and network affiliates program involves huge spends, they are directly proportional to the amount of business the firm does or the customer acquisition. The company may run the risk of: 1.Exposing the activities and products in addition to the business model by scaling up the marketing spends and bringing unprecedented levels of transparency to customers along with the firms competitors and potential competitors 2.Exponentially increase the customer retention and acquisition costs by developing multiple layers of acquisition costs 3.May negatively affect the performance and reputation of the firm if the customers have complaints about the product However the firm may mitigate these risks by: 1.Acquiring maximum amount of market share and create growth in the market size. Thus, creating barrier to entry as a result of low selling price and variety of product match. This is mainly because the idea is substantially untapped and the product is simultaneously acceptable. The firm must target to tap as much market as possible before any new or existing player takes it over. 2.The increasing customer retention and acquisition costs could also  be countered by lowing the COGS as a result of economies of scale and effecting the retention by further lowering the selling price without affecting the margins much. 3.Negative reputation due to customer complaints could be countered with the help of product development and fine tuning the existing products and ideas based on customer needs and value system. This could be done by implementing the CRM with the help of 30% of the additional funds raised in the 2nd round. How to cite Marketing and Product Development, Essays Marketing and Product Development Free Essays The question in the case is whether Kim should spend the fresh (2nd round) VC financing in Marketing and scale up the business or should focus the resources on fine tuning the existing product. Our recommendation is that the company should allocate around 70% of $4mn in marketing spend and 30% in product development and fine tuning the existing one. This recommendation is primarily based on the fact that the company should maximize the first mover advantage and develop barriers to entry by reducing the cost of goods sold with the help of economies of scale and ventually reducing the sales price so as to be competitive and not let others to enter the space. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing and Product Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is mainly because the business model is very easily replicable and thus create the risk of being thrown out of business in the long run. Moreover, the product development and fine tuning is largely replicable irrespective of the number of customers and each customer could be segmented based on the 4 bins Kim and Nolan came up with. With reference to the spend, the company should focus on Email marketing, Sophisticated social media, developing sophisticated search echanics, promoting the deals websites advertising and also advertising through blogs. However, it is worthwhile a mention that though emails and network affiliates program involves huge spends, they are directly proportional to the amount of business the firm does or the customer acquisition. The company may run the risk of: 1. Exposing the activities and products in addition to the business model by scaling up the marketing spends and bringing unprecedented levels of transparency to customers along with the firms competitors and potential competitors 2. Exponentially increase the customer retention and acquisition costs by developing ultiple layers of acquisition costs 3. May negatively affect the performance and reputation of the firm if the customers have complaints about the product However the firm may mitigate these risks by: 1. Acquiring maximum amount of market share and create growth in the market size. Thus, creating barrier to entry as a result of low selling price and variety of product match. This is mainly because the idea is substantially untapped and the product is simultaneously acceptable. The firm must target to tap as much market as possible before any new or existing player takes it over. How to cite Marketing and Product Development, Papers

Main reasons behind africans growing outward migration an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

What are the main reasons behind africans growing outward migration African migration since time immemorial has been that of intracontinental that entails movement of people to the neighboring countries or movement within the region. The main factor that caused migration of Africans from their country of origin to the neighboring countries is said to be the conflict that exist in their respective countries, August, M and Rudwick (1986:24-30).Countries like Somalia, Sudan, Somalia, Angola and many more others are characterized by internal conflicts. To avoid being killed people are forced to migrate to countries that can offer them refuge. This has resulted to mushrooming of so many refugee camps that cater for the displaced people in the neighboring countries. Refugee camps are managed by the United Nation organ known as UNHCR (United Nation High Commission for Refugees) which fund for the shelter and food for the displaced people. These conflicts are normally caused by political corruption, violation of human rights, lack of respect for the rule of law and legacy of the European colonialism, Spellman (2008:100-105). Need essay sample on "What are the main reasons behind africans growing outward migration" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed African countries are led my leaders driven by greed attitude. They tend to impose themselves as life presidents and in the process they loot public coffers. The people retaliate back by uprisings hence ending up blowing things out of proportion resulting to war. This makes people to run for their safety in the neighboring countries. Apart from conflict, another factor that triggered African people to migrate to other African countries is the economic reason. People were forced to move to other neighboring countries to seek employment. A country facing economic down turn forced her people to move so as get jobs in economically stable countries. To illustrate this, people moved from neighboring countries to go and work in farms, mining areas in South Africa so as to earn income. There was also this issue of demography that led people to migrate. Some African countries population was growing at a faster rate thus putting a lot of pressure on the available land resource prompting people to move to other regions to secure land Spellman (2008:100-105). Intercontinental migration of Africans can be explained by the accelerated globalization. The increase in the role of global capital did not improve the matters pertaining to average incomes but instead led to decrease in income for many people both in absolute and relative terms with respect to the rest of the world. The structural adjustment programs carried out by both the World Bank and the IMF did not bring about the expected stimulus in trade and industry sectors. Instead it resulted to the reduction of the middle class employment in the health, education and administrative sectors. Theses factors prompted people to migrate to Europe and Middle East hence coupled with cheap transport and communication that facilitated their movement, Castles & Miller (1993:156-157).The intercontinental migration of Africans involved poorly educated labor migrants and irregular migration. However most of the African people migrating to the developed countries are highly educated and the issue of utmost importance in African development is the brain drain. According to statistics taken in USA, African immigrants possess the highest average level of education among the immigrant groups in the America, Castles, & Miller (1993:156-157). The African people entering the developed economies are attracted by non other than the good life as portrayed by the international media which does promise success basing on the individual merits. This is because their countries are characterized by patronage and corruptions hence they dont offer any good promise in the near future as in their host country, Rose (1987:24-26). Reference August, M and Rudwick, E. Black History. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1986. Rose, W. Slavery and Migration. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987. Irwin, G. Africans Abroad: a Documentary History of the Black Diaspora in Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean during the Age of Slavery. New York: Columbia University Press, 1977. Spellman, W. Uncertain Identity: International Migration since 1945.Chicago: Chicago University Press Castles, 2008. Castles, S. & Miller, M. J. The Age of Migration: International Population Movements in the Modern World. New York: The Guilford Press, 1993. Hatton T and Jeffrey G. The Age of Mass Migration: Causes and Impact. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Do you belive that Opedius is essays

Do you belive that Opedius is essays Pier Paolo Pasolini created a film based on the play Oedipus Rex by Sophocles. This film is considered one of the finest renderings of a classical Greek subject that the cinema has ever produced. Pasolini has in this film rearranged the flow of events, so that they follow the chronological order. The story starts with the shepherd carrying a child to the desert, while in the original myth from Sophocles the point of departure is different; the messenger come to ask Oedipus for help in saving the dying city. Furthermore Pasolini adds a modern prologue and epilogue, which are brilliantly lyrical and charged with great intensity of personal feeling. Pasolinis Oedipus Rex may be taken to be as much about Pasolini himself as about Sophocles hero. According to Pasolini this film is the most autobiographical of all his creation. One of Pasolinis claims about his film was that the little boy of the prologue is himself, the boys father is his father, and the mother is his own mother. Oedipus is born into circumstances of Pasolinis childhood, with his parents clothes in the film inspired by photographs of Pasolinis parents. Pasolini tried to create his own form of Oedipus; he wanted to avoid any connections that the audience could make with the original story. For this reason the location where the story was filmed was moved from Greece to Morocco. In portraying Oedipus, Pasolini had made some insertions into the story. Somewhere at the beginning of the story line he presents Oedipus at the age of 20 throwing discus at the competition and what was significant about this event was the cheating of Oedipus. This fact might suggest to us that Pasolini didnt think that Oedipus is a completely innocent, but.... Oedipus is allowed to kill in the film by Pasolini, in order to defend his pride, but is the killing the act of the innocent person or does Pasolini ...

Disposing Nuclear Waste in Ocean Trenches

Disposing Nuclear Waste in Ocean Trenches It seems to be a perennial suggestion: lets put our most hazardous wastes into the deepest sea trenches. There, they will be drawn down into the Earths mantle well away from children and other living things. Usually, people are referring to high-level nuclear waste, which can be dangerous for thousands of years. This is why the design for the proposed waste facility at Yucca Mountain, in Nevada, is so incredibly stringent. The concept is relatively sound. Just put your barrels of waste in a trench - well dig a hole first, just to be tidy about it - and down they inexorably go, never to bring harm to humanity again. At 1600 degrees Fahrenheit, the upper mantle isnt hot enough to alter the uranium and make it nonradioactive. In fact, its not even hot enough to melt the zirconium coating that surrounds the uranium. But the purpose isnt to destroy the uranium, its to use plate tectonics to take the uranium hundreds of kilometers into the Earths depths where it can naturally decay.   Its an interesting idea, but is it plausible?   Ocean Trenches and Subduction Deep-sea trenches are areas where one plate dives beneath another (the process of subduction) to be swallowed up by the Earths hot mantle. The descending plates extend down hundreds of kilometers where they are not the least bit of a threat. It isnt completely clear whether the plates disappear by being thoroughly mixed with mantle rocks. They may persist there and become recycled through the plate-tectonic mill, but that wouldnt happen for many millions of years.   A geologist might point out that subduction is not really secure. At relatively shallow levels, subducting plates become chemically altered, releasing a slurry of serpentine minerals that eventually erupt in large mud volcanoes on the seafloor. Imagine those spewing plutonium into the sea! Fortunately, by that time, the plutonium would have long since decayed away. Why It Wont Work Even the fastest subduction is very slow - geologically slow. The fastest-subducting location in the world today is the Peru-Chile Trench, running along the west side of South America. There, the Nazca plate is plunging beneath the South America plate at around 7-8 centimeters (or approximately 3 inches) per year. It goes down at about a 30-degree angle. So if we put a barrel of nuclear waste in the Peru-Chile Trench (never mind that its in Chilean national waters), in a hundred years it will move 8 meters - as far away as your next-door neighbor. Not exactly an efficient means of transport.   High-level uranium decays to its normal, pre-mined radioactive state within  1,000-10,000 years.  In 10,000 years, those waste barrels would have moved, at maximum, just .8 kilometers (half a mile). They would also lie only a few hundred meters deep - remember that every other subduction zone is slower than this. After all of that time, they could still be easily dug up by whatever future civilization cares to retrieve them. After all, have we left the Pyramids alone? Even if future generations left the waste alone, the seawater and seafloor life would not, and the odds are good that the barrels would corrode and be breached. Ignoring geology, lets consider the logistics of containing, transporting and disposing of thousands of barrels each year. Multiply the amount of waste (which will surely grow) by the odds of shipwreck, human accidents, piracy and people cutting corners. Then estimate the costs of doing everything right, every time. A few decades ago, when the space program was new, people often speculated that we could launch nuclear waste into space, maybe into the sun. After a few rocket explosions, nobody says that any more: the cosmic incineration model is infeasible. The tectonic burial model, unfortunately, isnt any better. Edited by Brooks Mitchell

Analysis of the Present and the Future Based on History Essay

Analysis of the Present and the Future Based on History - Essay Example He predicts that no shots will be fired, instead the three imperial rivals will woo and coerce, relying on distinct styles. The United States bids military protection, along with the promise of democracy and human rights. The European Union hangs down the prospect of affiliation with the world’s most successful economic club. China talks trade, investment and infrastructure projects with its would-be client states. (Khanna 09) Mr Kotkin is an optimist urban scholar. In stark contrast to Mr Khanna’s â€Å"Second World†, Mr. Kotkin in his book "The Next Hundred Million," looked deep into the opportunities America has to maintain it rule as a world power in the future. He shed light on the facts like Americas population is expected to expand dramatically in coming decades and points to a slowly rising birth rate and to the continuing in-migration of young workers from poorer countries. Apart from this he mentioned that most of Americas population growth between 2000 and 2050 will be in its racial minorities providing it a wide ethnic diversity unmatched to any other developed regions in the world. Mr. Kotkin in translates population growth into economic vitality, the capacity to create wealth, raise the standard of living and meet the burdens of future commitments. Thus in relative terms a country with a youthful demographic enjoys a big advantage over its global counterparts. In the upcoming decades most of the developed countries in both Europe and Asia will transform into old-age homes due to the stagnant population growth. And thus the state apparatus of such economies will face crushing pension obligations and without the young workers cost couldn’t be defrayed. (Kotkin 11) In one sense the two books contradict each other, Mr. Khanna in the â€Å"Second World" argues that the United States is in decline as a World

Specific events over the past years that have affected the stock Essay

Specific events over the past years that have affected the stock market - Essay Example Prices remain steady and predictable and investors are confident in the market remaining steady. Markets respond to changes in the economy and a major change in the economy often results in major shifts in the stock market. Market crashes are precipitate by something occurring within the economy or war (or the threat of war). The stock market (New York Stock Exchange) responds to changes by gaining value or losing value. Markets losing value are not good. Changes in the economy can be real or perceived (the belief that something bad is going to happen). The NYSE (New York Stock Exchange) has responded in the past to changes (some perceived, some real) in the economic environment. Careful study of the stock markets since 1900 shows several events that affected the markets. Crashes in the market were swift and often lasted more than a year before the markets recovered. The most recent stock market crash was from January of 2000 to October 2002. During this time frame the markets were affected by the bursting of the 'tech bubble'. A lot of small '.com' start-ups went out of business and their investors incurred great losses. Also, during this time frame the twin towers were toppled by a terrorist attack (September 11th 2001). The instability this caused was reflected in market performance. The market dropped 37.8% before it recovered. According to Brenda Spotten, Associate Professor ... other symptoms of financial instability may adversely affect the real economy if they impair the ability of the financial markets to provide funds and hence transfer command over resources."(Spotten, B p1) In essence, a perceived inefficiency in the market can affect the economy and vice versa. Recently another 'bubble' burst. The housing market currently is in a slump. Good advice for investors would be to not invest in trendy new investments like 'tech bubble' start-ups. Investing in funds that are market resistant (such as a diversified fund) would provide some protection from market instability. Changes in the Federal Reserve lending rate can cause ripples in financial markets. Sometimes investors watch closely when the Federal Reserve changes interest rates for overnight lending (for banks). In 2004 investors were relieved when then Chairman, Alan Greenspan, raised the interest rate by 2.5%.(Ip, G p1) The markets continued to remain stable. Between November of 1973 and December of 1974 the market lost 45% of its value before recovering. During this time frame the Vietnam campaign was winding down. The retreat of American forces from Vietnam and the Watergate investigation had the affect of reducing consumer confidence in the market. Going back further in history finds another stock market crash that was the result of events in history. During 1939 and 1942 the United States grappled with entering World War Two. During this time frame the stock market lost 40% of its value. The attack on Pearl Harbor cemented the United States' entry into the war. As wartime production increased, the markets recovered. Prior to the United States' commitment to the war, politics, and fear of war, fueled the market crash during this period. The early American

An Analysis of the Semiconductor Industry

An Analysis of the Semiconductor Industry The semiconductor industry began when the first transistor was built in 1947 by Bell Labs. This first use was as a hearing aid. In 1971 Intel introduces microprocessors which are the brains of the computer onto one chip for the first time. Then in 2005 the semiconductor industry reaches sales of $227 Billion dollars (SIA. 2011). In 2010 the sales were about $300 Billion dollars. The growth of the semiconductor industry has been tremendous. Semiconductors are everywhere. They are used in computers, electronics, telecommunication, industrial machines, transportation, wireless systems, medical, and military. The semiconductor industry is spread out internationally. There are major manufactures in the United States, China, Japan, South Korea, and Europe. You can see the scope and geography of the semiconductor industry is immense and meets us at nearly every aspect of our lives. Its hard to comprehend how much of an impact this industry has made on the way we interact with one another on a regular basis. Semiconductors can do several things. In general, semiconductors process and display information, handle power, store data, condition signals, and alternate between light and electrical energy sources (PPRC, 2008). These processes are unseen but very present in areas mentioned in the above paragraph. The top three semiconductor producers as ranked by isupply.com are Intel, Samsung Electronics, and Toshiba. Intel and Samsung Electronics are set apart from all the others in terms of revenues as you will be able to see in a graph representing this data within the five forces framework section of the report. This industry is very competitive. As technology changes consistently, industry competitors fight to bring the latest and greatest products to market. The semiconductor industry is well known for their innovations and volatile environment. The Industry structure Supply chain End products G-STEP Global In the 1980s, Asia was primarily a place for low-cost semiconductor assembly and low-end consumer electronic product sales. Today, the region not only leads in electronic equipment production-from low-end to advanced products-but it is also a significant consumer of sophisticated electronics. China is now the largest market for cellular handsets, representing 20 percent of demand, and the second largest market for personal computers. South Korea has the most advanced nationwide cellular network in the world. The electronic equipment and semiconductor industries have evolved into a truly global market. Sociocultural Demographic Children have started getting exposed to electronic devices at a much younger age, than ever before. The electronic device manufacturers, also, use the technology to create things targeted towards children as young as 2-3 years old. This indicates that the market for these devices is continually increasing, hence, higher use of semiconductors. Another trend that we see is people switching to smartphones, which again use comparatively more semiconductors that their current phones. In companies, increasing use of cloud computing to store data also helps the sales of semiconductors go up. In general our lifestyle is changing to a world where we use a lot of semiconductors. (Rephrase the last statement) Efficiency will drive the industry. Lower power consumption wins!   doent really matter, its a very global industry. And everyone uses it. The workplace is already filled with people of different ethnicities. (What can I say about it?) (Read income distribution again!) Technological The semiconductor industry is heavily driven by the technological advancements in the products, processes and materials within the semiconductor domain. It is the technological upgrade rate that makes the industry highly cyclic. The industry is constantly striving for low cost, high speed, energy efficient and smaller chips. The technological upgrades are a prime reason for the barriers to entry in the fab segment of the industry, as the change of the fabrication process is a very expensive affair. But since then our public investment levels have been dropping. In 2011, federal investment in research and development has dropped below 1% of GDP. (http://www.scienceprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/SciProgResearchandDevelopment-101.pdf) (Page 3 graph) With the emergence of associations like SEMATECH, SEMI and SIA some of the burden was taken off of the individual companies. Intellectual property is now much more perishable than ever before and there are too many challenges to solve alone. We must recognize that alliances in the early stages of technological innovation are imperative to achieving breakthrough results that will deliver against the top and bottom line. John Warlaumont, VP of Advanced Technolog http://www.sematech.org/corporate/annual/annual09.pdf In the  semiconductor industry, for example, a confluence of cost, technology and demand trends is creating a shakeout in manufacturing. Indeed, the fixed costs and minimum scale associated with building a new chip fabrication plant have risen almost as precipitously as unit costs (under Moores Law) have fallen. As a result, few companies can still make the next leap to fabs costing $4 billion apiece. This has created a new set of fabless semiconductor companies, along with the foundries, which focus on manufacturing chips designed by others. Semiconductor companies will need to carefully weigh their strategy. http://www.bain.com/bainweb/consulting_expertise/industries_detail.asp?indID=14 Economic The economy of the country has an indirect impact on this industry. As the economy does poor the wages go lower, unemployment increases. This in turn affects the sales of electronic goods in which these semiconductors are used. However, if the economic health of the country is good, the industry is rewarded. The projected growth in the industry from 2011 2013 seems to be about 10.5%. (http://www.bharatbook.com/detail.asp?id=87078rt=Semiconductor-Industry-Forecast-to-2012.html). During the past recession the wages of the Silicon Valley tech workers dropped down by 10%. (http://www.ecademy.com/node.php?id=157950) Political/Legal In the past five years, information technology, fueled by faster and cheaper chips, has reduced the U.S. inflation rate significantly and has doubled the nations productivity growth rate. http://www.sia-online.org/cs/about_sia Semiconductor design and manufacturing facilities are strategic to our nations economic growth. However, our industry is faced with fierce global competition and our policymakers and regulators must ensure that we have balanced tax, regulatory and trade policies to allow our industry to continue to flourish in the U.S. and remain Americas largest export industry, Brian Toohey, President SIA concluded in 2010. http://www.sia-online.org/cs/papers_publications/press_release_detail?pressrelease.id=1869 The president of SIA proposed a RD tax credit for the US companies. This is in the favor of the industry, as they can spend more money in RD. (Recent paper 17th news) Industry analysis Financial Performance Based on the U.S. semiconductor companies revenues and net incomes 2007 2010 (Figures A,B,;;) the profit margins in the industry generally low. Some companies like AMD and Freescale were making losses even in 2007 before the recession hit. The three biggest U.S. semiconductor suppliers, Intel, Texas Instruments and Qualcomm, have been profitable during all the last four years. The smaller companies by revenue have clearly had worse financial performance. That suggest that the bigger players would have some advantage. Of the top three companies Intel is integrated device manufacturer wheras Texas Instruments (Not Fabless IBM REPORT) and Qualcomm are fabless companies (see Strategic Groups section). There is no clear evidence that one of the strategies would be better than the other based on the recent financial performance. Figure XXX. Top 9 U.S. Semiconductor Companies Revenues and Net Incomes 2007. Data from WRDS COMPUSTAT. Figure XXX. Top 9 U.S. Semiconductor Companies Revenues and Net Incomes 2008. Data from WRDS COMPUSTAT. Figure XXX. Top 9 U.S. Semiconductor Companies Revenues and Net Incomes 2009. Data from WRDS COMPUSTAT. Figure XXX. Top 9 U.S. Semiconductor Companies Revenues and Net Incomes 2010. Data from WRDS COMPUSTAT. The annual data for the rest of the 9 companies is not currently available. Market Shares The Top 20 Semiconductor industry players had a combined 65.2 % market share in 2010 (Figure XXX). The semiconductor industry overall is very fragmented, especially the product development. However, the amount of cutting edge technology chip manufacturers seems to be decreasing. Globally American companies hold about half of the market share. Japan and Asia-Pacific companies have about 20 % each and the rest is EMEA companies. Semiconductor business is a very global business. The importance of Asia-Pacific region has been increasing during the recent years. Figure XXX. Preliminary Estimate Semiconductor Suppliers Revenue Share % 2010. Data from iSuppli (Ford, 2011) Figure XXX. Preliminary Estimate of Global Semiconductor Revenue Share % 2010 by Headquarters Location. Data from iSuppli (Ford, 2011) Porters Five forces Threat of New Entrants Traditionally, because of the huge capital expenditures for startup, it is very difficult for those new entries to be successfully invading the semiconductor industry. Obviously, it is great news for those large companies who can control the market in their favor by using their economies of scale. Besides, the pointed end research and development are other two indispensable barriers for new entries. (Ciolli, 2011)However, recently, with the evolvement of the industry, smaller players could move their attention from manufacturing to research and development. Benefit from the subcontracting of manufacturing, smaller companies has more resources and capital to invest into research of new technologies. The cooperation of subcontracting eased the financial burden of the smaller players and reduced the barrier of semiconductor industry to them. (Investopedia, 2011) This is extremely significant for those smaller entrepreneurial corporations even for the whole structure of the semiconductor industry. Moreover, except the high technology requirement for new entry, another significant barrier to entry the semiconductor market is the software compatibility. As a powerful semiconductor player, they are required to not only create physical technology, but also need to design convenient and compatible software which could collaborate with their processors well so customers could enjoy their product. ? What is the source for this paragraph? Power of Suppliers In terms of large semiconductor companies, they have inherent advantages when choose suppliers from thousands of them (Investopedia, 2011). The large diversified companies usually use enough number of suppliers to minimize the power of each. However, in the specialized semiconductor industry, in which the fabless manufacturing model is used by most of the companies. As a result, fabless companies play an important role in this specialized sector. Besides, not every sub-contractor has the capability to satisfied the needs of the specialized companies, so suppliers are much powerful than those in the large generic semiconductor sector (Ciolli, 2011). There are several supplier groups present to the semiconductor industry. A few of those groups are; capital equipment makers, suppliers of silicon, chemicals, gases, water, energy, metals and other materials are used in manufacturing semiconductor products (PPRC, 2008). Rivalry Among Industry Players The semiconductor industry is very highly competitive. The firms within this industry compete on a daily basis to produce or manufacture a product that is smaller, faster and cheaper. The industry changes rapidly as technology changes rapidly. This keeps it competitive as each competitor can seek and opportunity to create something great before the others do. Within this competitive industry there is a constant pressure to come up with better products. The products of this industry are much undifferentiated as the products they are trying to create are essentially improvements to similar products that already exist. The accomplishments of the products change very little. The methods of production is where can see differentiation. The players are trying to come up with innovative ways to do the same things only in a smaller, faster, and cheaper manner (Investopedia, 2010). Comment by Joona: I disagree with this paragraph to some extent. For example ARM has gained very much competitive advantage with is mobile chip technology, similarly Intel has been the number one in the laptop microprocessors becaus of superior product performance The result of an industry that is this competitive is emerging technology that is cutting-edge. The technology is constantly changing into something better so for competition it makes it hard to remain at the top. What tends to happen in this type of an industry is that there are several industry players with similar size rise as the larger players. This is because no one player can keep excelling with the newest, fastest, and cheapest product available. The four main products of the semiconductor industry are memory chips, microprocessors, commodity integrated circuit, and complex SOC (system on a chip) which is a combination of a system of semiconductors compacted into one small product. The following are the top ten ranked semiconductor industry leaders as of 2010: Intel, Samsung Electronics, Toshiba Semiconductors, Texas Instruments, Renesas Electronics, Hynix, STMicroelectronics, Micron Technology, Qualcomm, and Elpida Memory (Ford, 2010). The graph below shows how these competitors are doing against each other in terms of revenue. It gives a basic understanding how they sit against each other and who are the major players. Figure XXX. Top 20 Semiconductor Suppliers Revenues 2010. Data from iSuppli (Ford, 2011). Power of buyers The buyers of the semiconductor industry are endless. There is a buyer at literally every corner. The switching costs of the buyers in the commodity semiconductor market is small as they can purchase from any semiconductor industry player who is representing the lowest cost available as long as the technology is compatible. The strong role of the industry giants like Intel and Samsung limits the bargaining power of buyers. Computers are definitely the largest piece of demand presented by the buyers in 2011, although it is declining due to the rising sales of smart phones and media tablets (Mutschle, 2011). Buyers in the semiconductor tend to be very price sensitive as the industry is constantly producing products at a lower cost to push the demand of their product. Within the buyers, there are several buyer groups that should be mentioned. The computer industry takes of the bulk of buyer demand, mobile devices and tabloids, and the medical industry to mention a few. These buyers make purchases from the semiconductor industry to continue in daily operations as they are a large part of ongoing business. Joona: This sentence needs clarification. Threat of substitutes The industry has the ability to change in a very short time. This takes away opportunities from substitutes to enter the market segment. It would not take the semiconductor industry very long to respond to a successful substitute as they would find a way to produce the product themselves. The problem that would be present is the money constraint. It can be done but at a cost. The industry players can find themselves spending a lot of money to research and develop new products just to find that their competition beat them to it by a few months. This keeps the business environment volatile and competitive. Joona: This paragraph would need some sources to back the claims up. In addition I found it hard to understand some of the logic. Strategic groups Joona: This is one way to classify the industry. I dont know if it is necessarily the best way to do it. Product line based classification is at least one alternative, but it requires some effort. Groups Based on Level of Vertical Integration Integrated Device Manufacturers (IDM) Some companies, such as IBM and Intel, have both semiconductor design and manufacturing capability. They try to achieve efficiency through vertical integration. Foundry Companies Merchant manufacturers do manufacturing for companies that do not have own manufacturing capacity. Cutting edge semiconductor manufacturing process technology is getting more and more expensive, and thus less and less companies can afford to have own production capacity (Jelinek, 2010). The largest foundry company is Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC). It is a pure play foundry, which means that it only offers manufacturing services without designing own products. Fabless The fabless companies do not have manufacturing capacity. They design chips and buy manufacturing capacity from foundry companies. The fabless companies do not have as large risks relating to manufacturing technology, but as the amount foundry companies decreases, the foundry companies bargaining power will likely increase. This group includes companies like Qualcomm, AMD, Nvidia, Broadcom and MediaTek (Osborne, 2010). Key Success Factors What would it take for some firm to compete successfully in the industry(9) Joona (these guesses are just out of my head, no sources, no proof of validity): Ability to constantly develop new, better, cheaper faster designs Ability to produce breakthrough innovations Ability to form effective networks and partnerships in order to gain advantage of the resources of the collaborating companies New opportunities and threats What are the major emerging trends in the industry that may impact the industry firms in a significant way?(8) The New Threats and Opportunities The most critical treat for semiconductors industry is the rapid price declines due to more player enter the market and the substitute products become available. (Joona: Are new players really a threat given the resources and money needed to enter the industry?) The research by Ross Seymore (A Deutsche Bank Equity Research analyst) suggested that compare with the 30% revenue growth in last year, the chip industry faces a 25% revenue drop due to lower average selling prices for chips and the cyclical demand for semiconductors hits a lull. Seymore also mentioned that a largest average selling price drop may be waiting for the the memory segment which could cause risk to margins across the industry following 2010s record levels as well. ( KAWAMOTO,2011). However, there are some news opportunities for semiconductors players as well. One is the Smart Grid which could save resources in the busy time to balance the application amount of the power. Currently, about two-thirds of power is wasted because of the power grid aging. Inevitably, those aging power grid will be substituted by Smart Grid, which will give a new profit growth point to semiconductors industry. (Xiaona, 2010) Another significant technical innovation will benefit the semiconductors industry is the Immersion lithography which probably will drive the the lithography solution for semiconductor devices manufacturing in the following generation. Who can grasp this new technology will take a vantage point in the next decade of competition.(JVSTB, 2004) Joona: We should try to find some big picture opportunities and threats that have could have a significant impact on the industry Predictions (Next 5 years) How dynamic is the industry, stage of its life cycle? What is the likely demand situation during the next five years?(7) High inventory levels in Q4 2010 According to iSuppli the semiconductor suppliers inventories reached the highest levels in two and a half years during the fourth quarter of 2010. If the the semiconductor industry growth slows in 2011, this could bring troubles to the companies. (Stiefel, 2011) This is another example of the cyclicality and weak predictability of the industry. Joona: Could we somehow combine this with the previous section. More predictions needed. My best guess is that the industry is going to end up in a somewhat stable situation. 2010 was a boom because of the recession 2008-2009 and low inventory levels. ************** Future : http://isscc.org/doc/2010/ISSCC2010_TechTrends.pdf http://www.engadget.com/2011/02/19/intel-to-spend-5-billion-on-new-14nm-fab-in-arizona-creating-4/ Ravi: The fortunes of the semiconductor industries are ultimately tied to the demand of the end products. (Dirk Meyer, president and CEO of AMD, NDTV, interview) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dpDx7LPdhqsfeature=related   Semiconductor design and manufacturing facilities are strategic to our nations economic growth. However, our industry is faced with fierce global competition and our policymakers and regulators must ensure that we have balanced tax, regulatory and trade policies to allow our industry to continue to flourish in the U.S. and remain Americas largest export industry, Brian Toohey, President SIA concluded in 2010. http://www.sia-online.org/cs/papers_publications/press_release_detail?pressrelease.id=1869 Intellectual property is now much more perishable than ever before and there are too many challenges to solve alone. We must recognize that alliances in the early stages of technological innovation are imperative to achieving breakthrough results that will deliver against the top and bottom line. John Warlaumont, VP of Advanced Technolog http://www.sematech.org/corporate/annual/annual09.pdf

Project Noah Essay

The Philippine government’s Department of Science and Technology or DOST Advanced Science and Technology Institute along with the help of the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAG-ASA), Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PhilVolcs) and University of the Philippine’s National Institute of Geological Science and its College of Engineering launched its project called â€Å"National Operation Assessment of Hazards and Risk† known as â€Å"Project NOAH† last July 6, 2012 in the city of Marikina to promote and combine advance science and technology to enhance the disaster management and prevention capacity of the Philippines. This project was designed to answer the need for a systematic early warning system for floods in the country. As we all know, the Philippines have experienced unexpected huge calamities these past few years examples of those were the Typhoon Ondoy happened last 2009 and the recent monsoon happened two weeks ago that caused great damages on the lives of our fellow countrymen, their properties and source of living which also affected the whole country’s economy. Due to this repetitious and unavoidable condition, this project would provide a more accurate, timely and easy to access warning about hazards that would affect the country for the safety of our people in every area of the Philippines. With the use of advance technology, this project would be able to provide a six hour ahead of time warning in the communities subjected to danger against incoming floods by the use of a geo- hazard vulnerability map which will be accessed using the internet. Presently this project has only eight major components which will provide the Project NOAH quick, accurate and more reliable information about floods and disaster. These are the Hydromet Sensors Development, the Disaster Risk Exposure Assessment for Mitigation (DREAM), Flood information Network (FLOODNET), Weather Hazard Information Project (WHIP), Enhancing Geo- hazards Mapping through Light detection and ranging (LIDAR), Local Development of Doppler Radar Systems (LaDDeRS), Landslide Sensors Development Project and the Coastal Hazards and Storm Surge Assessment and Mitigation (CHASSAM). This project was said to distribute Hydrometeorological (Hydromet) devices in different areas in the Philippines composed of 600 automated rain gauges (ARG) and 400 water level monitoring stations (WLMS) in 18 major river basins of the Philippines namely, the Marikina River Basin, the Cagayan de Oro River Basin, Iligan River Basin, Agno River Basin, Pampanga River Basin, Bicol River Basin, Cagayan River Basin, Agusan River Basin, Panay River Basin, Magaswang Tubig River Basin, Jalaur River Basin, Ilog- Hilabangan River Basin, Agus River Basin, Davao River Basin, Mindanao River Basin, Tagum- Libuganon River Basin, Tagaloan River Basin and Buayan- Malungun River Basin in December 2013 that will provide a better picture of the country’s surface waters which will be very helpful in detecting floods. It also aims to provide three- dimensional hazard maps in the major river systems and water sheds as well as in the flood prone areas like the city of Marikina throughout the country. Building the Flood Information Network or FloodNet which will provide computer models for critical River Basins, automation of data gathering, modeling and distribution of information about flood forecasts was also said to be completed as well as the 50 sites in the Philippines to added by the newly adopted landslide sensors which the cities of San Francisco, Surigao del Norte, Tago, Surigao del Sur, Tublay Bugias, Bokod in Benguet, Guihulngan, Negros Occidental, St. Bernard, Southern Leyte and Tubungan in Iloilo presently have now was said to be completed at the end of 2013.. On the other hand, by year 2014 the government targets to use a LIDAR or Light detection and ranging and computer- assisted analysis technology that will identify exact areas in the country prone to landslides. They also targets to complete the installation of the Coastal Hazards and Storm Surge Assessment and Mitigation technology that will generate wave surge, its refraction and coastal circulation models that would help the people understand, find solutions and prepare early in case of coastal erosion. Presently, it has been reported that Doppler radars which will help in sensing the dynamic parameters of our country’s sea surfaces like wave, wind field and its surface present velocity are currently installed already all throughout the country as preparation for the completion of the Project NOAH in two years of time. This project was highly supported and participated by public and private; both local and international agencies and organizations in the country namely by PAG-ASA, DOST- ASTI, PHILVOLCS, DOST-STII, -UP NIGS EML Laboratory, ClimateX Project, UP NIGS VTEC Laboratory, nababaha.com, UP DEGE- TCAGP, UP- MSI, British Council, British Embassy, UK Environment Agency, Cabot Institute of Bristol University, Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences of the University of Potsdam, MediaQuest Holdings Inc., Manila Observatory, DRRNet, DILG, MMDA, Smart Communications Incorporated, SUN Cellular, Globe Telecommunications, Google Crisis Response, Petron, Government of Japan, DENR, DPWH and the lifesomundane.net THE PROJECT NOAH SYSTEM 1. First, go to www.noah.dost.gov.ph 2. The website of Project Noah will appear like this: 3. Suppose that you are in Intramuros, Manila†¦ You may put your location on the Search Tab above then click enter to show the map of your location 4. You may look for the Probability of Rain in the Weather Outlook Tab, the Flood Map, the available weather stations, stream and rain gauges in the Weather Stations Tab on your location 5. It will also inform you about the Flood hazard based on the Flood Hazard Map released by the Philippine government by clicking the Legend Tab FLOOD HAZARD MAP BY DOST FLOOD HAZARD ON NOAH.DOST.GOV.PH 6. The website will also provide you basic information that makes you understand what PROJECT NOAH is about by clicking the ABOUT Tab 7. It gives step by step instructions on how to use the system by clicking the Help Tab in the upper right side of the website†¦ Since the World Wide Web and the development of technology are very rampant nowadays on the present generation, having an access to the DOST’s Project NOAH would not be a problem. It would be very helpful to the people to prepare and plan ahead before a disaster would strike their areas. It would help in reducing casualties and extreme property loss due to hazardous events like what happened during the monsoon two weeks ago in many parts of the country where not only the livestock of the people were sacrificed but also the lives of our fellow men. BIBLIOGRAPHY http://noah.dost.gov.ph/ http://www.nababaha.com/ http://region4a.dost.gov.ph/index.php/press-release/296-dosts-project-noah-to-strengthen-nationwide-disaster-risk-reduction-efforts.html http://ad2.ycasmd.info/custompopup.php?ref=animehere.com&aid=18 http://www.philippinecollegian.org/project-noah/ http://www.gov.ph/ http://www.pia.gov.ph/news/index.php?keywords=DOST http://www.manilatimes.net/index.php/news/headlines-mt/28746-monsoon-flood-toll-reaches-60 http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/244837/tuesday-rains-surpass-ondoys-2009-rainfall-pagasa http://www.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=frontpage http://www.thepoc.net/thepoc-features/lintech/how-tos-and-lifehacks/16730-project-noah.html http://blogwatch.tv/2012/08/nababaha-tutorial-of-project-noah-via-twitter/ http://kamalayangkalayaan.wordpress.com/agham-o-siyensiya/project-noah-nationwide-operational-assessment-of-hazards/ http://inagist.com/gone

Baseball and the American Military during World War - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2854 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/04/02 Category Sports Essay Level High school Tags: Baseball Essay Did you like this example? Just as my grandpa spread the love of the game to my family, the United States Navy was instrumental in introducing and popularizing the game of baseball around the world. Baseball was first brought to Japan in 1870 and when U.S. naval ships docked later in the 1870s, they began playing against the local teams. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Baseball and the American Military during World War" essay for you Create order From Japan, the game spread to Korea and Taiwan. Before the start of World War I, the U.S. Navy had introduced the game in China, Hawaii, the Virgin Islands, Nicaragua, and the Philippines.3 Countries surrounded by water were easily reached and were common stopping points for the U.S. Navy. During World War I, baseball was what brought soldiers together. It was an integral part of Navy training. The War Department developed the slogan Every American Soldier a baseball player and it was assimilated into training camp drills and activities. Throughout the course of the war, 440 major and minor league ball players fought overseas, and only six died. Baseball was often used as a diplomatic tool. Tensions in a meeting could be lessened on the playing field because sports bring people together in a way that nothing else does. At the start of the 1941 baseball season, America was not yet involved in the war in Europe. A national publication that dominated in covering baseball called The Sporting News, released a cartoon that was titled Europes national pastime seems to be war; Americas is baseball. That season would be the last for a while, with the war raging on in Europe, many players enlisted to join the fight. The 1941 season was known for three things; Joe DiMaggio of the New York Yankees had a 56-game hitting streak, Ted Williams of the Boston Red Sox accrued a .406 batting average, and the World Series was between two New York rivals the Yankees and the Brooklyn Dodgers. The United States entered the war just two months after the World Series ended, with DiMaggio and Williams both enlisting in 1943. December 7, 1941 was the day that the United States Naval Base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii was to have their baseball championship. The baseball teams from the battleship USS Arizona and the USS Enterprise were set to play. Unfortunately, the game was delayed due to the USS Enterprise being unable to return to port on time, and the attack on Pearl Harbor occurred instead. 1,177 crewmen died on the Arizona, many of which were the baseball players who were meant to be playing in a game that day.5 The USS Arizona was completely destroyed during the strike and was sunk by the Japanese. Parts of the sunken battleship still lies at the bottom of Pearl Harbor where there is a memorial to those who died on it. Pearl Harbor was the catalyst for propelling America head on into World War II. Military leaders also recognized baseball as an excellent training device and tool for success. Army Commander General Brehon Somervell said The sandlots and big league ballparks of America have contributed to our military success. A million and a half kids from junior sandlot teams are in the Armed Forces. They learned the teamwork it takes to win a battle or war. We never dare forget that a campaign can be upset by a ninth inning rally. We dare not relax until the last man is out. In baseball, you learn that anything can happen to change the course of the game, just as in war. One base hit or one battle can mean the difference between winning and losing. It is also vital to remember that even if you are up two runs in the bottom of the ninth inning, the game is still on. Many sailors had these lessons instilled in them from a young age due to their playing ball, which was beneficial then being in the Navy. It is also important to note that sports train sailors to be better than the enemy both mentally and physically because they are used to the pressure, competitiveness, and dedication it takes to succeed in athletics. One of the most important components of success during war time is morale. A military can have thousands of weapons and soldiers, but if they arent happy or invested in the cause, then that causes a problem. The United States War Department made it a goal to provide opportunities to increase morale. They recognized baseball as a crowd favorite with sailors. Leaders made it a priority to provide ships loaded with bats, balls, and other gear. Baseball fields were also constructed, especially in the Pacific, for sailors to play on in their free time. Professional players were sent out to these fields to play exhibition games for the troops as entertainment and a way for the men to escape the horrors of war for an afternoon. Baseball was so instrumental in raising sailors spirits because it reminded them of home. Its Americas national pastime, it brings different generations together, teaches life lessons, and provides a time where everyone can forget about lifes problems for the length of the game. It can be played in the backyard with friends and family, or watched in a stadium with thousands of people. Baseball in the navy discouraged homesickness because picking up a bat and ball could bring back memories of playing ball in the backyard and make them feel like they were home. Playing also gave them something to do during long trips at sea or while docked waiting for instructions. Baseball was not only played and talked about, but it was utilized in military names. The Allied campaign in North Africa was named Play Ball, pilots named their planes Winning Run, and warships were named after famous players like the SS Lou Gehrig and the SS Christy Mathewson. These names also brought a sense of connection to home and what they missed. Before sailors even went to war, they were first recruits trained in the United States. The main two training grounds were the Great Lakes Naval Training Station outside of Chicago, where my grandfather was trained, and the Naval Training Station in Norfolk, Virginia. The Great Lakes Naval Training Station was founded in 1911 and remains to this day the Navys largest training facility. The station was also the first site to allow African American trainees in 1942. While at first segregated, all training was integrated by mid-1945. Over four million sailor served on active duty for the United States Navy in World War II, and over one million of those sailors were trained at the Great Lakes Training Station. After leaving the training center, sailors were sent out across the Pacific or Atlantic. It was on their ships that they made teams and scheduled games for when they reached land. Phil Rizzuto, a Hall of Famer who played shortstop for the New York Yankees said he never met anyone w ho didnt like baseball while in the Navy.10 Sailors could talk about a good game for days, and they followed their favorite teams anytime they could get news. Baseball was one thing that everyone on the ship could have in common, a devout Christian from Texas and a Jewish sailor from New York could bond over their love of the game. With the war in full force, the United States Military put on the Servicemens World Series from September 22nd to October 15th, 1944 in Honolulu. Navy defeated Army in eight out of eleven games awarding the title of champion to the United States Navy team. 50 players participated in the series and 36 of them had played in the major leagues back home. Although the Navy won many more games, all eleven games were played so that as many people could watch the games as possible and they were exclusively for servicemen with almost 20,000 attending each game. These games allowed for an escape from the fighting, and an opportunity for all the men in the military to come together and enjoy Americas favorite pastime, something they were all fighting to protect. Over the course of World War II, over 500 major league players and 4,000 minor league players joined the United States Military, with 15 Hall of Famers joining the Navy. One of such men was Cleveland Indians pitcher Bob Feller. In his seven years playing professional baseball before the war, he accumulated a record of 107-54. When the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, Feller was driving back to Cleveland after visiting his terminally ill father in order to meet with his bosses to sign his 1942 contract with the Indians. Although Feller was exempt from military service due to his fathers illness, he gave up his chance to earn $100,000, which would be $1.7 million today, with the Indians to became the first professional athlete to join the Navy just two days after Pearl Harbor. Feller called fighting in the Navy one of the greatest experiences of his life. He went on inactive duty in August 1945 and started for the Indians two days after returning home. Since he was able to play during his time in the Navy and remained in shape during his four-year absence, he allowed only four hits during his first game back and won 4-2 against the Tigers. In an interview Feller did in 2006, he said you can talk about teamwork on a baseball team, but Ill tell you, it takes teamwork when you have 2,900 men stationed on the U.S.S Alabama in the South Pacific. Teamwork is a vital aspect of both baseball and war, but if you have previous experience with teamwork in a sport, it is easier to apply it in a vital event like an invasion or battle. The Bob Feller Act of Valor Foundation was created to educate youth about the valor, commitment, and duty to country. The Bob Feller Act of Valor Award honors service men and women who have recognized the importance of service to ones country, and have sacrificed in times of national need. The inspiring part about Fellers story is that he was at the peak of his career, would have continued to thrive in the majors, and was about to make $1.7 million in one season, but gave it all up to serve his country. His sacrifice and courage over 70 years ago, still motivates people today. Feller stated over 67,000 people came to watch his first game back from the war. Baseball players who fought in the war and returned home were welcomed back with open arms and treated as even bigger heroes than when they left. They were idols for being more than just good ball players, they helped save millions of people too. At the start of the war, there was much debate about whether professional ball players should be exempt from the draft or if there should even be a 1942 baseball season at all. Harry Williams, the secretary of the Pacific Coast League was quoted as saying, We went to the trouble of teaching the Japs baseball, and we dont intend to let them obliterate it.15 In mid-January, Commissioner Landis wrote a letter to President Roosevelt asking if professional baseball should continue during the war. The President responded that in his personal opinion, baseball should keep going. His reasoning was that because of the war, less people were unemployed and were working longer, harder hours than before. This meant that everyone deserved a chance to relax and enjoy a night out more than before the war. Roosevelt stated that even if less players were able to play due to being drafted, the lower quality of teams would not dampen the popularity of the sport because it still provided entertainment to millions of people. Congressman LaVern Dilweg said that baseball was important to those at war because they hungrily await news of sports, and a journalist named Quentin Reynolds said, Hitler has killed a great many things in the past few years. Do not let him kill baseball. With the arrival of Roosevelts letter, the 1942 season began as scheduled. After the season began, baseball pledged $25,000 towards purchasing equipment for the army and navy sports programs and donated all proceeds from the All-Star Game that year towards the Bat and Ball Fund. The first order from this fund comprised of 18,000 baseballs and 4,500 bats. Every destination received a package containing three bats, twelve balls, and a complete set of catching equipment. Troops also received copies of the Sporting News, the national baseball publication. The sport raised money by putting part of each ticket towards the purchase of a B-17 bomber, a second all-star game was suggested each season to raise money for the Bat and Ball Fund, players and umpires wore a patch on their uniform that supported a physical fitness program sponsored by the Office of Civil Defense, and people were encouraged to take part of their salary in war bonds. Throughout the season, autographed baseballs were auctioned off to buy war bonds, and some clubs allowed fans to get into games if they donated scrap mental instead of buying a ticket. The war threatened a baseball players career in more ways than one. Other than the possibility of death and injury, a player may have only had a year or two left of his career when he joined the military for a three-year deployment. In addition, a player who was in his prime when he enlisted or was drafted may have lost his spark and never played the same again. After the Selective Service Director of the draft, Lewis Hershey, announced that deferments should be available to actors and reporters, the public went into uproar.20 Hershey then clarified by stating that no replaceable man would be deferred. Americans wanted movies and baseball to continue in full force, but they didnt want the stars to get special treatment in the draft in order for them to continue. Many famous ballplayers enlisted on their own anyways, Phil Rizzuto and Bob Feller enlisted in the Navy, Joe DiMaggio enlisted in the Navy even though he could have been deferred. It was the correct decision to continue professional baseball during the war. Although most rosters depleted and had to resort to much lower quality players, they survived the war. Many players who would never have normally seen the majors, played there for a whole season. Pete Gray who had one arm played for St. Louis in 77 games in 1945, and a fifteen-year-old pitched in a game in 1944 for the Reds. In the 1945 World Series, the Detroit Tigers played the Chicago Cubs and a sportswriter wrote that neither team was good enough to win. Major league attendance dropped to 7.5 million in 1943 but climbed to an all-time high in 1945 at 10.8 million tickets. Nevertheless, every season continued and baseball still remained a high point of Americans lives and in the lives of soldiers and sailors overseas. Baseball was necessary for keeping servicemen in good spirits during the war. World War II and the Navy spread baseball everywhere they went, and popularized it more in places it already existed. It provided a connection to home and the lives that were left behind or put on hold during the war. Baseball taught teamwork, dedication, and to never give up until the game or battle was over. The game helped form friendships and bonds between sailors who had no similarities or connections to one another. It also forms bonds between family members, it gives them time to spend together like it gave me and my grandfather. There really is no sport like baseball. Bibliography Act of Valor Award. Bob Feller Act of Valor Foundation. 2018. https://www.actofvaloraward.org/ Baseball Warms up for World War II. Puget Sound Navy Museum. 2018. https://www.pugetsoundnavymuseum.org/baseball-warms-wwii/ The Birth of Navy Baseball. Puget Sound Navy Museum. 2018. https://www.pugetsoundnavymuseum.org/when-baseball-went-to-war/ The Origins of Baseball. World Baseball Softball Confederation. 2018. https://www.wbsc.org/baseball/history-of-baseball/ Who Invented Baseball? History.com. March 27, 2013. https://www.history.com/news/who-invented-baseball Frank, Joel S. Reviews of Bullock, Playing for Their Nation: Baseball and the American Military during World War II and Powers-Beck, The American Indian Integration of Baseball. Pacific Historical Review 75, no. 3 (2006): 530-32. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/phr.2006.75.3.530?Search=yesresultItemClick=truesearchText=baseballsearchText=ANDsearchText=navysearchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dbaseball%2BAND%2Bnavyrefreqid=search%3Acb44929b37a8d6bb51b29e6561b1b745seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents Keene, Anne Raugh. During World War II, the Game of Their Lives. The New York Times. July 29, 2018. https://case.summon.serialssolutions.com/#!/search?bookMark=ePnHCXMw42LgTQStzc4rAe_hSmECnVdqagwsCS1NWWBHORkbG3Ign_HEyaDjAt6VpwBeQqIQnlik4OmpowA0R8E9MTdVIT9NIQQ0cK7gAzqMlYeBNQ0YOam8UJqbQdXNNcTZQxdWmsaDmqQFiQXAFlS8kYG5ubmloRF4Yw5x6gBziThQ Roberts, James C. Baseball on the Home Front. American Veterans Center. 2016. https://www.americanveteranscenter.org/avc-media/magazine/wwiichronicles/wwii-chronicles-issue-xxxix/baseball-goes-to-war-the-national-pastime-in-world-war-i Schwarz, Allan. Feller Proud to Serve in Time of Need. The New York Times. December 16, 2010. https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/17/sports/baseball/17reflect.html Steven P. Gietschier. Uncle Sam Needs Only to Call: Baseball and othe United States Peacetime Military Draft, 194042. NINE: A Journal of Baseball History and Culture 24, no. 1 (2015): 29-56. https://muse.jhu.edu/ Werner, Dave. Baseball and the U.S. Navy: All Who Play Win. The Sextant. November 9, 2018. https://usnhistory.navylive.dodlive.mil/2018/11/09/baseball-and-the-u-s-navy-all-who-play-win/